Cell lines with a controversial p53 statusPos: Codon position (1 to 393);WT: Normal base sequence of the codon in which the mutation occurred; Mut Sequence of the mutated codon. If the mutation is a deletion or an insertion, it is indicated by "del" or "ins" followed by the number of deleted or inserted bases. The position in the codon is indicated by “a”, “b”, or “c” for the first, second or third base of the codon respectively. Example: "del66b" is a deletion of 66 bases including the second base of the codon; "ins4a" is an insertion of 4 bases occurring between the first and the second base of the codon. Label a, b, or c is omitted if the boundary of the deletion or insertion is unknown AA: Wild type amino acid; Mut: Mutant amino acid. Stop: nonsense mutation: Fs.: Frameshift mutation: InF: In-frame insertion or deletion; Comp: complexity of the mutation: SM: Single mutational event in the tumor; DMU (Double Mutation Unknown): Two p53 mutations in the same tumor but their allelique distribution is unknown; DMD (Double Mutation Different allele): Two p53 mutations in the same tumor on two different p53 alleles; DMS (Double Mutation Same allele): Two p53 mutations in the same tumor on the same p53 allele: MM (Multiple Mutation): More than two p53 mutations in the same tumor; NB: Number of tumors with this particular mutant in the database; Ref: reference number; Comments: information; More information is available in the handbook Table of references (available also in the handbook)
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Tuesday, 27 June 2017
Cell lines with a controversial p53 status
Gastric carcinoma
Gastric carcinoma
Table I : cell lines with wt p53
Cell line
|
ATCC
|
Reference
|
| SNU-520 |
747
| |
| SNU-719 |
747
| |
| NUGC-4 |
462
| |
| STKM-2 |
1006
| |
| MKN-45 |
462
| |
| MKN-74 |
462
|
Table II : cell lines with p53 gene deletion or rearrangement
| Cell line | ATCC | Reference |
| KATO III | HTB-103 |
Table III : cell lines with p53 splice mutation
(exonic mutations that modify splice are listed in table IV)
(exonic mutations that modify splice are listed in table IV)
No data
Table IV: cell lines with p53 mutations (missense or frameshift)
More information is available in the handbook
More information is available in the handbook
Pos: Codon position (1 to 393);
WT: Normal base sequence of the codon in which the mutation occurred;
Mut Sequence of the mutated codon. If the mutation is a deletion or an insertion, it is indicated by "del" or "ins" followed by the number of deleted or inserted bases. The position in the codon is indicated by “a”, “b”, or “c” for the first, second or third base of the codon respectively. Example: "del66b" is a deletion of 66 bases including the second base of the codon; "ins4a" is an insertion of 4 bases occurring between the first and the second base of the codon. Label a, b, or c is omitted if the boundary of the deletion or insertion is unknown
AA: Wild type amino acid;
Mut: Mutant amino acid. Stop: nonsense mutation: Fs.: Frameshift mutation: InF: In-frame insertion or deletion;
Comp: complexity of the mutation: SM: Single mutational event in the tumor; DMU (Double Mutation Unknown): Two p53 mutations in the same tumor but their allelique distribution is unknown; DMD (Double Mutation Different allele): Two p53 mutations in the same tumor on two different p53 alleles; DMS (Double Mutation Same allele): Two p53 mutations in the same tumor on the same p53 allele: MM (Multiple Mutation): More than two p53 mutations in the same tumor;
NB: Number of tumors with this particular mutant in the database;
Ref: reference number;
Comments: information;
WT: Normal base sequence of the codon in which the mutation occurred;
Mut Sequence of the mutated codon. If the mutation is a deletion or an insertion, it is indicated by "del" or "ins" followed by the number of deleted or inserted bases. The position in the codon is indicated by “a”, “b”, or “c” for the first, second or third base of the codon respectively. Example: "del66b" is a deletion of 66 bases including the second base of the codon; "ins4a" is an insertion of 4 bases occurring between the first and the second base of the codon. Label a, b, or c is omitted if the boundary of the deletion or insertion is unknown
AA: Wild type amino acid;
Mut: Mutant amino acid. Stop: nonsense mutation: Fs.: Frameshift mutation: InF: In-frame insertion or deletion;
Comp: complexity of the mutation: SM: Single mutational event in the tumor; DMU (Double Mutation Unknown): Two p53 mutations in the same tumor but their allelique distribution is unknown; DMD (Double Mutation Different allele): Two p53 mutations in the same tumor on two different p53 alleles; DMS (Double Mutation Same allele): Two p53 mutations in the same tumor on the same p53 allele: MM (Multiple Mutation): More than two p53 mutations in the same tumor;
NB: Number of tumors with this particular mutant in the database;
Ref: reference number;
Comments: information;
Table of references (available also in the handbook)
Pos.
|
WT
|
Mut
|
AA
|
Mut
|
Comp
|
Name
|
NB
|
Ref
|
Comments
|
| 248 | CGG | TGG | Arg | Trp | SM | 20M | 728 | 71 | Single report |
| 282 | CGG | TGG | Arg | Trp | SM | AKG | 600 | 1393 | Single report |
| 307 | GCA | del7b | Ala | Fs. | SM | ECC4 | 1 | 2249 | Mutation in COSMIC database |
| 175 | CGC | CAC | Arg | His | SM | G42LATE | 1187 | 1393 | Single report |
| 11 | GAG | CAG | Glu | Gln | DMU | GCIY | 10 | 2249 | Mutation in COSMIC database |
| 179 | CAT | CAG | His | Gln | DMU | GCIY | 14 | 2249 | Mutation in COSMIC database |
| 104 | CAG | TAG | Gln | Stop | SM | GT3TKB | 18 | 2249 | Mutation in COSMIC database |
| 145 | CTG | CGG | Leu | Arg | SM | H-111 | 10 | 1689 | Single report |
| 273 | CGT | TGT | Arg | Cys | SM | H-162 | 687 | 1689 | Single report |
| 128 | CCT | del37 | Pro | Fs. | SM | H-30 | 2 | 1689 | Single report |
| 272 | GTG | ATG | Val | Met | SM | H-55 | 105 | 1689 | Single report |
| 152 | CCG | ins1c | Pro | Fs. | SM | HGC-27 | 2 | 2249 | Mutation in COSMIC database |
| 245 | GGC | AGC | Gly | Ser | SM | HSC-39 | 440 | 2087 | Single report |
| 193 | CAT | CCT | His | Pro | SM | HUG-1N | 18 | 2242 | Single report |
| 173 | GTG | ATG | Val | Met | SM | JR1 | 77 | 94 | Single report |
| 173 | GTG | GCG | Val | Ala | SM | KWS | 20 | 94 | Single report |
| 143 | GTG | GCG | Val | Ala | SM | MKN-1 | 20 | 71 | Confirmed in another publication |
| 251 | ATC | CTC | Ile | Leu | SM | MKN-28 | 5 | 94 | Single report |
| 278 | CCT | TCT | Pro | Ser | SM | MKN-7 | 87 | 2087 | Single report |
| 251 | ATC | CTC | Ile | Leu | DMU | MKN-74 | 5 | 1006 | Controversy with other publications. wt in COSMIC |
| 251 | ATC | CTC | Ile | Leu | SM | MKN-74 | 5 | 94 | Controversy with other publications. wt in COSMIC |
| 271 | GAG | GCG | Glu | Ala | DMU | MKN-74 | 3 | 1006 | Controversy with other publications. wt in COSMIC |
| 248 | CGG | CAG | Arg | Gln | SM | NCI-N87 | 883 | 46 | Single report |
| 220 | TAT | TGT | Tyr | Cys | SM | NUGC-3 | 336 | 94 | Confirmed in another publication |
| 342 | CGA | TGA | Arg | Stop | SM | OKAJIMA | 74 | 71 | Single report |
| 57 | GAC | del17 | Asp | Fs. | SM | SK-GT-1 | 2 | 462 | Single report |
| 175 | CGC | CAC | Arg | His | SM | SK-GT-2 | 1187 | 462 | Single report |
| 281 | GAC | GAG | Asp | Glu | SM | SK-GT-5 | 26 | 462 | Single report |
| 205 | TAT | TTT | Tyr | Phe | SM | SNU-16 | 3 | 46 | Single report |
| 216 | GTG | ATG | Val | Met | SM | SNU-216 | 74 | 747 | Single report |
| 266 | GGA | GAA | Gly | Glu | SM | SNU-484 | 74 | 747 | Single report |
| 143 | GTG | del1 | Val | Fs. | SM | SNU-55 | 2 | 46 | Single report |
| 273 | CGT | CAT | Arg | His | SM | SNU-601 | 780 | 747 | Single report |
| 282 | CGG | TGG | Arg | Trp | SM | SNU-638 | 600 | 747 | Single report |
| 215 | AGT | AAT | Ser | Asn | SM | SNU-668 | 15 | 747 | Single report |
| 273 | CGT | TGT | Arg | Cys | DMU | TGBC11TKB | 687 | 2249 | Mutation in COSMIC database |
| 381 | AAA | del1a | Lys | Fs. | DMU | TGBC11TKB | 1 | 2249 | Mutation in COSMIC database |
| 173 | GTG | ATG | Val | Met | SM | TMK-1 | 77 | 71 | Confirmed in another publication |
| 175 | CGC | CAC | Arg | His | SM | YCC-3 | 1187 | 46 | Single report |
Glycyrrhizin kháng KATOIII
Glycyrrhizin induces apoptosis in human stomach cancer KATO III a
Glycyrrhizin kháng KATOIII
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 | |
 | |
| Clinical data | |
|---|---|
| Trade names | Epigen, Glycyron |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | International Drug Names |
| Routes of administration | Oral, intravenous |
| ATC code | |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Metabolism | Hepatic and by intestinal bacteria |
| Biological half-life | 6.2-10.2 hours[1] |
| Excretion | Faeces, urine (0.31-0.67%)[2] |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number |
|
| PubChem CID | |
| ChemSpider | |
| UNII | |
| ChEBI | |
| ChEMBL | |
| E number | E958 (glazing agents, ...) |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.014.350 |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C42H62O16 |
| Molar mass | 822.93 g/mol |
| 3D model (Jmol) | |
| Solubility in water | 1-10 mg/mL (20 °C) |
Glycyrrhizin (or glycyrrhizic acid or glycyrrhizinic acid) is the chief sweet-tasting constituent of Glycyrrhiza glabra(liquorice) root. Structurally it is a saponin and has been used as an emulsifier and gel-forming agent in foodstuff and cosmetics. Its aglycone is enoxolone and it has therefore been used as a prodrug for that compound, for example it is used in Japan to prevent liver carcinogenesis in patients with chronic hepatitis C.[3]
Contents
[hide]Medical uses[edit]
Glycyrrhizin inhibits liver cell injury and is given intravenously for the treatment of chronic viral hepatitis and cirrhosis in Japan.[4][5] In one small scale preliminary clinical trial, it was found that early treatment with glycyrrhizin might prevent disease progression in patients with acute onset autoimmune hepatitis.[6]
Adverse effects[edit]
The most widely reported side effects of glycyrrhizin use are fluid retention. These effects are related to the inhibition of cortisol metabolism within the kidney, and the subsequent stimulation of the mineralocorticoid receptors.[7] Other side effects include:[8]
- Headache
- Paralysis
- Transient visual loss
- Torsades de pointes
- Tachycardia
- Cardiac arrest
- Hypokalaemia
- Reduced testosterone
- Premature birth
- Acute kidney failure
- Muscle weakness
- Myopathy
- Myoglobinuria
- Rhabdomyolysis
- Increased body weight
Mechanism of action[edit]
It inhibits the enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, which likely contributes to its anti-inflammatory and mineralocorticoid activity.[8] It has a broad-spectrum of antiviral activity in vitro against:[8][9]
- Herpes simplex virus,[10] which has also been confirmed in vivo.[11]
- Influenzavirus (including H5N1)[12]
- Varicella zoster virus[13]
- SARS coronavirus
- HIV
- Hepatitis A virus
- Hepatitis B virus
- Hepatitis C virus
- Hepatitis E virus
- Epstein–Barr virus
- Human cytomegalovirus
- Flavivirus
- Japanese encephalitis virus
Pharmacokinetics[edit]
After oral ingestion, glycyrrhizin is first hydrolysed to 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid by intestinal bacteria. After complete absorption from the gut, β-glycyrrhetinic acid is metabolised to 3β-monoglucuronyl-18β-glycyrrhetinic acid in the liver. This metabolite then circulates in the bloodstream. Consequently, its oral bioavailability is poor. The main part is eliminated by bile and only a minor part (0.31–0.67%) by urine.[14] After oral ingestion of 600 mg of glycyrrhizin the metabolite appeared in urine after 1.5 to 14 hours. Maximal concentrations (0.49 to 2.69 mg/l) were achieved after 1.5 to 39 hours and metabolite can be detected in the urine after 2 to 4 days.[14]
Organoleptic properties[edit]
See also[edit]
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