Ursolic acid kháng Jurkat
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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| Names | |
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| IUPAC name
(1S,2R,4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bS)-10-Hydroxy-1,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydro-1H-picene-4a-carboxylic acid[1]
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| Other names
Prunol, Malol, beta-Ursolic acid, NSC4060, CCRIS 7123, TOS-BB-0966, 3-beta-hydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid[1]
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| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol)
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| ChEBI | |
| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.941 |
PubChem CID
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| Properties | |
| C30H48O3 | |
| Molar mass | 456.71 g·mol−1 |
| Melting point | 285 to 288 °C (545 to 550 °F; 558 to 561 K) |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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 verify (what is   ?) | |
| Infobox references | |
Ursolic acid (sometimes referred to as urson, prunol, malol, or 3-beta-3-hydroxy-urs-12-ene-28-oic-acid), is a pentacyclic triterpenoid identified in the epicuticular waxes of apples as early as 1920 and widely found in the peels of fruits, as well as in herbs and spices like rosemary and thyme.[citation needed]
Natural occurrence[edit]
Ursolic acid is present in many plants, such as Mirabilis jalapa,[2] as well as in many fruits and herbs used in daily life (e.g. apples, basil, bilberries, cranberries, elder flower, peppermint, rosemary, lavender, oregano, thyme, hawthorn, and prunes). Apple peels contain large quantities of ursolic acid and related compounds.[citation needed]
Potential biochemical effects[edit]
A number of potential biochemical effects of ursolic acid have been investigated, but there has been no clinical study demonstrating benefits to human health. In vitro, ursolic acid inhibits the proliferation of various cancer cell types by inhibiting the STAT3 activation pathway,[3][4] and may also decrease proliferation of cancer cells and induce apoptosis.[5] Ursolic acid has also been shown to inhibit JNK expression and IL-2 activation of JURKAT leukemic T Cells leading to the reduction in proliferation and T cell activation.[6] Ursolic acid is a weak aromatase inhibitor (IC50 = 32 μM),[7] and has been shown to increase the amount of muscle and brown fat and decrease white fat obesity and associated conditions when added to diets fed to mice.[8] Under physiological concentrations, ursolic acid also induces eryptosis (the apoptosis-like suicidal cell death in defective red blood cells).[9] It has been found to reduce muscle atrophy and to stimulate muscular growth in mice,[10] also shows a potential cardioprotection.[11]
In mice, ursolic acid induces neural regeneration after sciatic nerve injury.[12] Ursolic acid improves domoic acid-induced cognitive deficits in mice.[13] Ursolic acid improves high fat diet-induced cognitive impairments by blocking endoplasmic reticulum stress and IκB kinase β/nuclear factor-κB-mediated inflammatory pathways in mice.[14] Ursolic acid attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced cognitive deficits in mouse brain through suppressing p38/NF-κB mediated inflammatory pathways.[15] Ursolic acid ameliorates cognition deficits and attenuates oxidative damage in the brain of senescent mice induced by D-galactose.[16] Ursolic acid enhances mouse liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy.[17] Ursolic acid enhances the cellular immune system and pancreatic beta-cell function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice fed a high-fat diet.[18] UA increased skeletal muscle mass, as well as grip strength and exercise capacity. Improved endurance, reduced the expression of the genes involved in the development of muscle atrophy, and decreased indicators of accumulated fatigue and exercise-induced stress.[19] Ursolic acid ameliorates aging-metabolic phenotype through promoting of skeletal muscle rejuvenation.[20]
In rats, ursolic acid ameliorated high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis and improved metabolic disorders in high-fat diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.[21]
Uses[edit]
Ursolic acid is used as a cosmetics additive.[citation needed] Ursolic acid can serve as a starting material for synthesis of more potent bioactive derivatives, such as experimental antitumor agents.[22]
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