Growth inhibition and apoptosis induction in human hepatoma cells by tanshinone II A.
Salvia miltiorrhiza (tanshinone IIA) kháng Bel-7402
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 | This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's |
| Salvia miltiorrhiza | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| (unranked): | Angiosperms |
| (unranked): | Eudicots |
| (unranked): | Asterids |
| Order: | Lamiales |
| Family: | Lamiaceae |
| Genus: | Salvia |
| Species: | S. miltiorrhiza |
| Binomial name | |
| Salvia miltiorrhiza | |
Contents
[hide]Description[edit]
S. miltiorrhiza is a deciduous perennial with branching stems that are 30 to 60 cm (0.98 to 1.97 ft) tall, with widely spaced leaves that are both simple and divided. The 30 cm (0.98 ft) inflorescences are covered with hairs and sticky glands. Flowers grow in whorls, with light purple to lavender blue corollas that are approximately 2.5 cm (0.082 ft) long, with a dark purple calyx. Salvia miltiorrhiza
Uses[edit]
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In traditional Chinese medicine[edit]
 | This section needs more medical references for verification or relies too heavily on primary sources. (July 2012) |  |
The outside of the taproot of Danshen, which is the part used in medicine is red.[8] Danshen is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for treating chronic renal failure.[9] The root (Radix Salvia miltiorrhiza
Danshen is one of five ingredients in tangzhiqing (TZQ) used in traditional Chinese medicine for treating diabetes.[citation needed] In studies with mice and in vitro studies, TZQ and a modified formula known as TZQ-F have shown positive results.[11][12] The other ingredients of TZQ are red peony root, mulberry leaf, lotus leaf[citation needed], and hawthorn leaf.[11]
Chemical constituents[edit]
An antioxidant called salvianolic acid (or salvianolic acid B) isolated from Danshen is under study for protection against cerebrovascular disorders.[9][13]
Dihydrotanshinone, tanshinone I, and tanshinone IIA are also under study for anti-cancer effects.[14][15]
Pharmacological mechanisms[edit]
Results from animal and human studies support the use of Danshen for circulatory disorders to some extent because it is known to decrease the blood's ability to clot in at least two ways. First, it limits the stickiness of blood platelets.[medical citation needed] It also decreases the production of fibrin, the threads of protein that trap blood cells to form clots.[medical citation needed] Both these effects help to improve blood circulation. In addition, chemicals in danshen may relax and widen blood vessels, especially those around the heart.[medical citation needed] In animal studies, chemicals in danshen may also have protected the inner linings of arteries from damage. Some other research suggests it may increase the force of heartbeats and slow the heart rate slightly.[medical citation needed]
In animal studies, Danshen has appeared to interfere with the development of liver fibrosis — the formation of scar-like fibers in the liver.[24] Because the nonfunctioning fibers crowd out active liver tissue, liver function decreases gradually as the amount of fibrous tissue increases. Having chronic hepatitis and habitually drinking large amounts of alcoholic beverages are the major causes of liver fibrosis, which could also result from exposure to chemicals or certain drugs. Danshen may also increase blood flow into the liver,[medical citation needed] so the length of time that potentially damaging substances stay in the liver may be reduced, also reducing the possible injury they may cause. Results from a few animal studies showed it may also protect kidney tissues from damage caused by diabetes. In China, danshen has also been studied for treating acute pancreatitis, a painful and possibly dangerous inflammation of the pancreas.[25]
Danshen may stop the spread of several different cancer cell types by interrupting the cell division process[27] and also by causing cancer cells to undergo cell death (apoptosis).[15] In contrast, the cerebrovascular protective effect of Salvianolic acid has been found to be due to prevention of apoptosis.[9]
For HIV, chemicals in Danshen may block the effectiveness of an enzyme, HIV-1 integrase, that the virus needs to replicate.[28]
Salvia may stimulate dopamine release and has protective effects against free radical-induced cell toxicity.[29][30]
S. miltiorrhiza stimulates increased osteogenesis (bone cell growth) in vitro .[31]
Salvianolic acid B could possibly facilitate the repair of tubular epithelial structures and the regression of renal fibrosis in injured kidneys.[32]
Drug Interactions[edit]
Danshen has been shown to potentiate the effects of the common anticoagulation drug warfarin, leading to gross anticoagulation and bleeding complications.Therefore, danshen should be avoided by those using warfarin.[8][33] Danshen causes in vitro interference when measuring digoxin levels when measured using Chemiluminescence Immunoassays (CLIA).[citation needed]
